Children with autism perceive and process information from the world around them in unique ways. Sensory differences are one of the key characteristics of the autism spectrum and have a significant impact on the daily lives of these children. Understanding their needs and sensitivities can make their environment more accepting and supportive.
What are sensory differences?
Sensory differences are related to how the brain processes signals from the senses – vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, as well as balance and the sense of movement (vestibular system). In children with autism, these signals may be processed:
Oversensitive (hypersensitive): The child may be oversensitive to light, noise, certain textures, or smells. For example, a quiet humming sound from an electrical appliance may be perceived as a loud and annoying noise.
Undersensitive (hyposensitivity): In some cases, children may not respond to sounds, touch, or other stimuli, which may lead to a need for more intense stimulation (e.g., spinning, jumping, pressing).
Typical examples of sensory features
Hearing:
Hypersensitivity: Difficulty in noisy environments, such as malls, schools, or parties.
Hyposensitivity: Lack of response to voices or loud sounds.
Vision:
Hypersensitivity: Problems with bright or flickering light, fluorescent lights, or bright colors.
Hyposensitivity: Attraction to bright light sources, such as lamps or screens.
Touch:
Hypersensitivity: Intolerance to certain fabrics or textures of clothing, water, or sand.
Hyposensitivity: Seeking strong pressure or contact, such as by squeezing.
Smell and Taste:
Hypersensitivity: Avoiding certain foods because of their smell or texture.
Hypersensitivity: Preference for strongly flavored foods or unusual combinations.
Balance and Movement (Vestibular System):
Hypersensitivity: Difficulty rocking or riding a bike.
Hypersensitivity: Constant need to move, jump, spin.
How can we support children with autism?
Creating a calm environment:
Reducing stimuli that can cause stress (bright lights, loud noises).
Providing a private space to rest when the child feels overwhelmed.
Sensory Diet:
Providing a variety of, controlled sensory experiences that meet the child’s needs. For example, swings, sensory toys, heavy blankets.
Sensory integration therapies:
Working with a specialized therapist to help the child process sensory stimuli more effectively.
Educating others:
Informing family, teachers, and friends about the child’s needs. An understanding environment reduces stress and improves social interaction.
Conclusion
The sensory differences of children with autism can be a challenge, but also an opportunity for a new perspective on the way we perceive the world. With support, understanding, and adaptations, we can provide an environment that not only
